Homelessness: key points

Someone is considered homeless if they do not have access to permanent accommodation which it is reasonable for them to occupy.

  • Many homeless people in Scotland live in temporary accommodation, and a small proportion sleep rough.

  • The causes of homelessness are complex. They usually include a combination of structural factors (such as poverty and lack of affordable housing) and individual vulnerabilities (such as relationship difficulties, mental health problems, or substance use).

  • Poor health can be both a cause and consequence of homelessness. Homelessness is associated with poorer physical and mental health, and higher mortality rates.

  • Homeless people are much less likely to be registered with a GP and more likely to go to emergency services than the wider population. 

  • During the initial response to the Covid-19 pandemic in spring 2020, almost all people who were sleeping rough or living in congregate accommodation in Scotland were moved into self-contained temporary accommodation. Efforts continue to provide settled accommodation for those currently in emergency accommodation, as part of a broader policy drive towards rapid rehousing into settled accommodation for households experiencing homelessness.
Acknowledgements:

ScotPHO would like to acknowledge the contribution of Beth Reid who co-wrote the initial version of this section.

Section Updates:

  • The last major update of this section was completed in December 2021.
  • The next major update is due to be carried out by end September 2022.